apt-cache (搜索软件包和软件包名称)

gencaches

creates or re-creates APT's package cache. This is done implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated.

showpkg pkg...

displays information about the packages listed on the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are displayed, as well as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse dependencies need not be. For instance, apt-cache showpkg libreadline2 would produce output similar to the following:

Package: libreadline2Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),Reverse Depends:libreadlineg2,libreadline2libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2Dependencies:2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))Provides:2.1-12 -Reverse Provides:

Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If libreadline2 is installed, libc5, and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is best to consult the apt source code.

stats

displays some statistics about the cache. No further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:

• Total package names is the number of package names found in the cache.
• Normal packages is the number of regular, ordinary package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence between their names and the names used by other packages for them in dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category.
• Pure virtual packages is the number of packages that exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only "provide" the virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "mail-transport-agent" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; several packages provide "mail-transport-agent", but there is no package named "mail-transport-agent".
• Single virtual packages is the number of packages with only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the Debian system, "X11-text-viewer" is a virtual package, but only one package, xless, provides "X11-text-viewer".
• Mixed virtual packages is the number of packages that either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, "debconf" is both an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package.
• Missing is the number of package names that were referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements.
• Total distinct versions is the number of package versions found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of total package names. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for instance, "stable" and "unstable"), this value can be considerably larger than the number of total package names.
• Total dependencies is the number of dependency relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache.

showsrc pkg...

displays all the source package records that match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all records that declare the name to be a binary package.

dump

shows a short listing of every package in the cache. It is primarily for debugging.

dumpavail

dumpavail prints out an available list to stdout. This is suitable for use with dpkg and is used by the dselect method.

unmet

displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the package cache.

show pkg...

show performs a function similar to dpkg --print-avail; it displays the package records for the named packages.

search regex...

performs a full text search on all available package lists for the POSIX-style regex pattern given. It searches the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular expression and prints out the package name and the short description, including virtual package names. If --full is given then output identical to show is produced for each matched package, and if --names-only is given then the long description is not searched, only the package name is.

Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are AND'ed together.

depends pkg...

shows a listing of each dependency a package has and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency.

rdepends pkg...

shows a listing of each reverse dependency a package has.

pkgnames [prefix]

This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated extremely quickly. This command is best used with the --generate option.

Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to download, installable or installed (e.g., virtual packages are also listed in the generated list).

dotty pkg...

takes a list of packages on the command line and generates output suitable for use by dotty from the GraphViz package. The result will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the packages. By default, the given packages will trace out all dependent packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only the packages listed on the command line, set the APT::Cache::GivenOnly option.

The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts.

dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages.

xvcg pkg...

The same as dotty, only for xvcg from the VCG tool.

policy [pkg...]

policy is meant to help debug issues relating to the preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each source. Otherwise, it prints out detailed information about the priority selection of the named package.

madison pkg...

attempts to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian archive management tool, madison. It displays available versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original madison, it can only display information for the architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (APT::Architecture).

-p, --pkg-cache

Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary cache used by all operations.

Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::pkgcache.

-s, --src-cache

Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by gencaches and it stores a parsed version of the package information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files.

Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache.

-q, --quiet

Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use -q=# to set the quietness level, overriding the configuration file.

Configuration Item: quiet.

-i, --important

Print only important dependencies; for use with unmet and depends. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to be printed.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::Important.

--no-pre-depends,
--no-depends,
--no-recommends,
--no-suggests,
--no-conflicts,
--no-breaks,
--no-replaces,
--no-enhances

Per default the depends and rdepends print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit the specified dependency type.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::ShowDependencyType (e.g., APT::Cache::ShowRecommends).

-f, --full

Print full package records when searching.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::ShowFull.

-a, --all-versions

Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn it off, use --no-all-versions. If --no-all-versions is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed (the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only applicable to the show command.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::AllVersions.

-g, --generate

Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use --no-generate.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::Generate.

--names-only, -n

Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::NamesOnly

--all-names

Make pkgnames print all names, including virtual packages and missing dependencies.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::AllNames.

--recurse

Make depends and rdepends recursive so that all packages mentioned are printed once.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::RecurseDepends.

--installed

Limit the output of depends and rdepends to packages that are currently installed.

Configuration Item: APT::Cache::Installed.

-h, --help

Show a short usage summary.

-v, --version

Show the program version.

-c, --config-file

Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. The program will read the default configuration file and then this configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the APT_CONFIG environment variable. See apt.conf for syntax information.

-o, --option

Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary configuration option. The syntax is -o Foo::Bar=bar. -o and --option can be used multiple times to set different options.

/etc/apt/sources.list

Locations of where to fetch packages.

Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceList.

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/

File fragments for locations of where to fetch packages.

Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceParts.

/var/lib/apt/lists/

Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in sources.list.

Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists.

/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/

Storage area for state information in transit.

Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists